ABSTRACT
This experiment
was conducted from May to September 2016 at the student project site, federal
college of agriculture Ishiagu Ebonyi State. The experiment was laid out in a
randomized complete block design (RCBD) it was observed that round-nut give the
highest advantage within the fertility level of the land. The result obtained
from the yield of groundnut show that (T4) has the highest yield of
10.6kg with a mean value of 3.53 units, followed by (T1)which has
the total yield of 7.3kg with a mean of 2.43 units, followed by (T2)
which has 7.5kg with a mean of value of 2.5 units the lowest yield is (T3)
with the total yield of 6.6kg with a mean value of 2.2 units , because of there
was no manure addition (control).
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND Of The Study
Groundnut
(Arachis hypogea) is a leguminous crops. Groundnut is the most important oilseed,
and is a very important exportable agriculture commodity in our country.
Groundnut
is grown about 8.4 countries on an area of 23.71 million ha with the production
of 30.92 million tones and an average productivity of 1304kg/ha. Among the
groundnut producing Nation, India sows the highest area under this crop and is
the second largest producer, next to chins, among all the oilseed crops,
groundnut account for more than 40% and 60% production in the country.
Groundnut
is also known as pea nut, earth nut monkey nut, goober, pinds and manlla nut.
Among the groundnut oil is primarily used in the manufacture of vegetable oil
(vanaspat glee, 1984).
Groundnut
deed contain about 45% oil and 30% protein and 18% carbohydrate, groundnut
kernel as a whole in highly digestible. Groundnut are good source of all B vitamins except B12
they are rich source of thiamin, riboflavin nicotinic acid and vitamin E
The groundnut are consumed either by roasted
or by fried and salted , the groundnut cake is obtained after the extraction of
the groundnut oil, is a valuable organic manure and animal feed it contain 7-8%
nitrogen and 1.5% phosphorous.
Groundnut is a good rotation crop,
because it build up the soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through the nodules
and also an efficient cover crop fr4o land exposed to soil erosion, although
it is a leguminous crop, but it is mainly grown fro its oil and industrial use
like groundnut cake, groundnut oil, and groundnut butter.
1.2
CROPPING SYSTEM
Groundnut
is grown in rotation with other crops like wheat, lentil, chick pea, barley
etc. it is grown as a mixed crop with pearly, millet and cotton
Groundnut
can also be followed by sat flower where early varities are grown and moisture
contain remains in the soil at time of harvest the most common cropping system
are
Ø Groundnut
wheat
Ø Groundnut
barley
Ø Groundnut
chick pea
Ø Groundnut
field pea
Ø Groundnut
lentil
1.3 ORIGIN
AND DISTRIBUTION
Groundnut
(aracchis hypogaea ) is originated from latin America, bolivia and portugese,
the spaniards introduce it into east and south of Asia
Groundnut are now found in nearly all
tropical part sub-tropical countries and in the warm part of Europe (Gibbon and
pain 1985) in 1838 bentham published this flora braziliensis describing five
species of arachis all from brazil.
1.4
BOTANY
Groundnut
(arachis hypogeae) belong to the family leguminous the name of the plant
combines the pea and nut, the plant has a well developed taproot with lateral
Roots,
which contains nodes. Flower are borne in leat axils, after pollination the
section immediately behind the ovary (pea) elongates and pushed the ovary into the soil where pod
develops groundnut is a selt- pollinate plant and pollination occurs just
before or after flower is yellow which
grows about 20-40cm in hight the pod are brownish with 1-4 seeds the seed
contain about 30% crude protein (komolate et, al 1979).
1.5 VARIETIES
Varieties
of groundnut are classified into bunch or erect type, and creeping types which
include Kano Local and castle Cary.
These are widely grown in west Africa.
The
bunch or erect groundnut is characterized by closely clustered nuts around the
base of the plant while the creeping groundnut have nut scattered along
prostrate branches from base to tip.
1.6 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
To
ascertain the effect of decade mango leaves as a manure on the performance of
two varieties of groundnut erect and creeping types. To determine the technical
efficiency of groundnut farmers.
The
uses of groundnut plant make it an excellent cash crop for domestic markets as
well as for foreign trade.
1.7
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Inconsistencies
in government policies are regards production, transportation and marketing of
groundnut in Nigeria which the government was actively involve before the
disappearance of the groundnut pyramid of the north, has been identified as the
major setback over the year for the crop which show prospect for development of
the economy, as does in the past.
1.8
JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
Groundnut
are the most important crops grown in Nigeria they are always in higher demand
for human and livestock consumption.
Groundnut, provide man with carbohydrate
mineral and energy, groundnut are good
source of all B vitamins and also serve as raw material for industries.
1.9
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
project carried out in the students project site at federal college of
agriculture Ishiagu in a land Area of 10.10/ha containing 12 plots of bed
1.10 DURATION OF THE STUDY
The research
project lasted for a period of 3 months
march to June 2016.
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