ABSTRACT
Database is an organized collection
of information, data, or citations stored in electronic format that can be
searched for specific information or records by techniques specific to each
database. Database program is a program used to electronically collect data,
process it and also store it for future use. This database program implements
the techniques of database normalization. Normalization is the process of
efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two goals of the normalization
process: eliminating redundant data (for example, storing the same data in more
than one table) and ensuring data dependencies make
sense (only storing related data in a table). Both of these are worthy goals as
they reduce the amount of space a database consumes and ensure that data is
logically stored. The
program is more on a religious group. The sore purpose of this program is to
enhance and facilitate the church approach to information collection and
storage for future use.
1.0 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The role information technology have
played in various field of human endeavors can not be over emphasized. As most
section of humanity like banking industries, auto mobile industries etc have
experience the influenced of information technology like wise the religious
setting.
A computer database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system. A database relies upon software to organize the storage of data. In
other words, the software models the database structure in what are known as database models (or data models). The model in most
common use today is the relational model. Other models such as the hierarchical
model and the network model use a more explicit representation
of relationships (see below for explanation of the various database models).
Database management systems are usually categorized according
to the database
model that they
support. The data model tends to determine the query languages that are
available to access the database. A great deal of the internal engineering of a
DBMS, however, is independent of the data model, and is concerned with managing
factors such as performance, concurrency, integrity, and recovery from hardware failures. In these areas there are large differences between products
Database normalization, sometimes referred to as canonical synthesis, is a
technique for designing relational
database tables to minimize duplication of
information and, in so doing, to safeguard the database against certain types
of logical or structural problems, namely data anomalies. For example, when
multiple instances of a given piece of information occur in a table, the
possibility exists that these instances will not be kept consistent when the
data within the table is updated, leading to a loss of data integrity. A table that is sufficiently
normalized is less vulnerable to problems of this kind, because its structure
reflects the basic assumptions for when multiple instances of the same
information should be represented by a single instance only.
Higher degrees of normalization typically involve more tables
and create the need for a larger number of joins, which can reduce performance. Accordingly, more highly normalized
tables are typically used in database applications involving many isolated transactions (e.g. an Automated teller machine), while less normalized tables tend to be used in database
applications that need to map complex relationships between data entities and
data attributes (e.g. a reporting application, or a full-text search
application).
Database theory describes a table's degree of normalization
in terms of normal
forms of
successively higher degrees of strictness. A table in third normal form (3NF),
for example, is consequently in second normal form (2NF) as well; but
the reverse is not necessarily the case.
Although the normal forms are often defined informally in
terms of the characteristics of tables, rigorous definitions of the normal
forms are concerned with the characteristics of mathematical constructs known
as relations. Whenever information is represented
relationally, it is meaningful to consider the extent to which the
representation is normalized.
Computer programmers have gone ahead
to write a database program to assist in the storage of information in many
organization including religious groups.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Owing to:
(i)
The
difficulties people face in keeping information/data.
(ii)
Unwillingness
attitude of some staff when dealing with data/information.
(iii)
Fragile
nature of information/data.
(iv)
Difficulties
people encountered when searching for a given information.
(v)
Time
wasted in searching for information on packed files.
(vi)
Time
wasted in sorting files.
(vii)
Important
nature of data/information in the growth of any organization.
The need arise for the development of
Database Design Methodology and Tool for Information Systems. will be used in a
religious group.
1.2
PURPOSE
OF STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to
put to an end the difficulties people encountered during storage of
data/information. This is actualized by designing Database Design Methodology
and Tool for Information Systems. which is user friendly and interactive. By
the time this software is designed and implemented, the difficulties
encountered with manual method of keeping information will be eliminated.
1.3
SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
With the growth in information technology,
the study offers numerous values both to the religious group and to any
organization that deals on data/information.
Huge of files kept in the offices
will no longer be there again because information will be stored on the
computer with the help of the database program.
Because of the easy to use nature of
the database application software, any organization can easily buy it to make
use of them.
1.4
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aims and objectives of this
project are listed below:
·
To
develop software called Database Design Methodology and Tool for Information
Systems that will replace the manual method of storage.
·
To
stop or eliminate the difficulties people face with manual method of storage.
·
To
eliminated unwillingness and nonchalant attitude of some staff that deal with
information in an organization.
·
To
demonstrate increased motivation to the database workers.
·
To
easy the work associated with manual method.
·
To
eliminate the error involved with the manual storage of data/information.
·
To
save the time wasted when searching or sorting for a given data/information.
·
To
remove untidy nature of most offices because of huge number of files scattered
all over
All these contributed to show that
religious groups are now been influence by information technology.
1.5
SCOPE OF STUDY
This project work is narrowed to C.K.C
Parish Ngwo Parish. It deals with the development of database program to help
in the storage of data/information in the church.
It stores all information relating to
marriages, baptism conducted by the church. It also stores membership and new
convents information.
1.6
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Owing to the scope of this project
work as stated above, this project work is limited to a religious group more
especially to the C. K .C Parish Ngwo.
It
is important to mention here that time was a major constraint in the course of
fact finding. It is also wise to mention here that some information we need to
work with were not collected because of some religious reason as said by the
priest.
1.7
ASSUMPTION OF STUDY
One of the major assumptions made in
this project work is that manual methods of storage are ineffective, time
wasting, prone to error and high level of energy dissipation.
It is also assumed that with the
level of development in information technology, there is a serious demand to
join this trend of information technology.
It is also assumed that database
program motivate the staffs to work more with easy.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Church : This is a place of religious
worship
Religion: A system of religious
belief
Priest : A person ordained for
service in Christian church
Marriage : The state of been united
together as husband and wife
Baptism: Christian act of immensing
somebody inside water.
Database
Normalization
Convent: A new person in a church
Storage: This is a device use for
storing of data/information