THE EFFECTS OF DACADE MANGO LEAVES AS MANURE ON THE YIELD OF TWO VARITIES OF GROUNDNUT (ERECT AND CREEPING TYPES).



                                                          ABSTRACT
This experiment was conducted from May to September 2016 at the student project site, federal college of agriculture Ishiagu Ebonyi State. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) it was observed that groundnut give the highest advantage within the fertility level of the land. The result obtained from the yield of groundnut show that (T4) has the highest yield of 10.6kg with a mean value of 3.53 units, followed by (T1) which has the total yield of 7.3kg with a mean of 2.43 units, followed by (T2) which has 7.5kg with a mean of value of 2.5 units the lowest yield is (T3) with the total yield of 6.6kg with a mean value of 2.2 units , because of there was no manure addition (control).


CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) is a leguminous crops. Groundnut is the most important oilseed, and is a very important exportable agriculture commodity in our country.
Groundnut is grown about 8.4 countries on an area of 23.71 million ha with the production of 30.92 million tones and an average productivity of 1304kg/ha. Among the groundnut producing Nation, India sows the highest area under this crop and is the second largest producer, next to chins, among all the oilseed crops, groundnut account for more than 40% and 60% production in the country.
Groundnut is also known as pea nut, earth nut monkey nut, goober, pinds and manlla nut. Among the groundnut oil is primarily used in the manufacture of vegetable oil (vanaspat glee, 1984).
Groundnut deed contain about 45% oil and 30% protein and 18% carbohydrate, groundnut kernel as a whole in highly digestible. Groundnut are good source of all B vitamins except B12 they are rich source of thiamin, riboflavin nicotinic acid and vitamin E
The groundnut are consumed either by roasted or by fried and salted, the groundnut cake is obtained after the extraction of the groundnut oil, is a valuable organic manure and animal feed it contain 7-8% nitrogen and 1.5% phosphorous.
Groundnut is a good rotation crop, because it build up the soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through the nodules and also an efficient cover crop fr4o land exposed to soil erosion, although it is a leguminous crop, but it is mainly grown from its oil and industrial use like groundnut cake, groundnut oil, and groundnut butter

 1.2 CROPPING SYSTEM
Groundnut is grown in rotation with other crops like wheat, lentil, chick pea, barley etc. it is grown as a mixed crop with pearly, millet and cotton
Groundnut can also be followed by sat flower where early varities are grown and moisture contain remains in the soil at time of harvest the most common cropping system are
    Ø Groundnut wheat
    Ø Groundnut barley
    Ø Groundnut chick pea
    Ø Groundnut field pea
    Ø Groundnut lentil
1.3 ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
Groundnut (aracchis hypogaea) is originated from latin America, bolivia and portugese, the spaniards introduce it into east and south of Asia
Groundnut are now found in nearly all tropical part sub-tropical countries and in the warm part of Europe (Gibbon and pain 1985) in 1838 bentham published this flora braziliensis describing five species of arachis all from brazil.

1.4 BOTANY
Groundnut (arachis hypogeae) belong to the family leguminous the name of the plant combines the pea and nut, the plant has a well-developed taproot with lateral
Roots, which contains nodes. Flower are borne in leat axils, after pollination the section immediately behind the ovary (pea) elongates  and pushed the ovary into the soil where pod develops groundnut is a selt- pollinate plant and pollination occurs just before or after flower  is yellow which grows about 20-40cm in hight the pod are brownish with 1-4 seeds the seed contain about 30% crude protein (komolate et, al 1979).

 1.5 VARIETIES
Varieties of groundnut are classified into bunch or erect type, and creeping types which include Kano Local  and castle Cary. These are widely grown in west Africa.
The bunch or erect groundnut is characterized by closely clustered nuts around the base of the plant while the creeping groundnut have nut scattered along prostrate branches from base to tip.

1.6  OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To ascertain the effect of decade mango leaves as a manure on the performance of two varieties of groundnut erect and creeping types. To determine the technical efficiency of groundnut farmers.
The uses of groundnut plant make it an excellent cash crop for domestic markets as well as for foreign trade.

1.7 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Inconsistencies in government policies are regards production, transportation and marketing of groundnut in Nigeria which the government was actively involve before the disappearance of the groundnut pyramid of the north, has been identified as the major setback over the year for the crop which show prospect for development of the economy, as does in the past.

1.8 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
Groundnut are the most important crops grown in Nigeria they are always in higher demand for human and livestock consumption.
Groundnut, provide man with carbohydrate mineral  and energy, groundnut are good source of all B vitamins and also serve as raw material for industries.

1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The project carried out in the students project site at federal college of agriculture Ishiagu in a land Area of 10.10/ha containing 12 plots of bed.

1.10 DURATION OF THE STUDY
The research project  lasted for a period of 3 months march to June 2016.

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