ABSTRACT
This experiment was
conducted from May to September 2016 at the student project site, federal
college of agriculture Ishiagu Ebonyi State. The experiment was laid out in a randomized
complete block design (RCBD) it was observed that groundnut give the highest
advantage within the fertility level of the land. The result obtained from the yield
of groundnut show that (T4) has the highest yield of 10.6kg with a
mean value of 3.53 units, followed by (T1) which has the total yield
of 7.3kg with a mean of 2.43 units, followed by (T2) which has 7.5kg
with a mean of value of 2.5 units the lowest yield is (T3) with the
total yield of 6.6kg with a mean value of 2.2 units , because of there was no
manure addition (control).
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Groundnut (Arachis hypogea)
is a leguminous crops. Groundnut is the most important oilseed, and is a very
important exportable agriculture commodity in our country.
Groundnut is grown
about 8.4 countries on an area of 23.71 million ha with the production of 30.92
million tones and an average productivity of 1304kg/ha. Among the groundnut
producing Nation, India sows the highest area under this crop and is the second
largest producer, next to chins, among all the oilseed crops, groundnut account
for more than 40% and 60% production in the country.
Groundnut is also known
as pea nut, earth nut monkey nut, goober, pinds and manlla nut. Among the
groundnut oil is primarily used in the manufacture of vegetable oil (vanaspat
glee, 1984).
Groundnut deed contain
about 45% oil and 30% protein and 18% carbohydrate, groundnut kernel as a whole
in highly digestible. Groundnut are good source of all B vitamins except B12
they are rich source of thiamin, riboflavin nicotinic acid and vitamin E
The groundnut are
consumed either by roasted or by fried and salted, the groundnut cake is
obtained after the extraction of the groundnut oil, is a valuable organic
manure and animal feed it contain 7-8% nitrogen and 1.5% phosphorous.
Groundnut is a good
rotation crop, because it build up the soil fertility by fixing atmospheric
nitrogen through the nodules and also an efficient cover crop fr4o land exposed
to soil erosion, although it is a leguminous crop, but it is mainly grown from
its oil and industrial use like groundnut cake, groundnut oil, and groundnut
butter
1.2 CROPPING SYSTEM
Groundnut is grown in
rotation with other crops like wheat, lentil, chick pea, barley etc. it is
grown as a mixed crop with pearly, millet and cotton
Groundnut can also be
followed by sat flower where early varities are grown and moisture contain
remains in the soil at time of harvest the most common cropping system are
Ø Groundnut
wheat
Ø Groundnut
barley
Ø Groundnut
chick pea
Ø Groundnut
field pea
Ø Groundnut
lentil
1.3 ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
Groundnut (aracchis
hypogaea) is originated from latin America, bolivia and portugese, the
spaniards introduce it into east and south of Asia
Groundnut are now found
in nearly all tropical part sub-tropical countries and in the warm part of
Europe (Gibbon and pain 1985) in 1838 bentham published this flora braziliensis
describing five species of arachis all from brazil.
1.4 BOTANY
Groundnut (arachis
hypogeae) belong to the family leguminous the name of the plant combines the
pea and nut, the plant has a well-developed taproot with lateral
Roots, which contains
nodes. Flower are borne in leat axils, after pollination the section
immediately behind the ovary (pea) elongates
and pushed the ovary into the soil where pod develops groundnut is a
selt- pollinate plant and pollination occurs just before or after flower is yellow which grows about 20-40cm in hight
the pod are brownish with 1-4 seeds the seed contain about 30% crude protein
(komolate et, al 1979).
1.5 VARIETIES
Varieties of groundnut
are classified into bunch or erect type, and creeping types which include Kano
Local and castle Cary. These are widely
grown in west Africa.
The bunch or erect
groundnut is characterized by closely clustered nuts around the base of the
plant while the creeping groundnut have nut scattered along prostrate branches
from base to tip.
1.6 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
To ascertain the effect
of decade mango leaves as a manure on the performance of two varieties of
groundnut erect and creeping types. To determine the technical efficiency of
groundnut farmers.
The uses of groundnut
plant make it an excellent cash crop for domestic markets as well as for
foreign trade.
1.7 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Inconsistencies in
government policies are regards production, transportation and marketing of
groundnut in Nigeria which the government was actively involve before the
disappearance of the groundnut pyramid of the north, has been identified as the
major setback over the year for the crop which show prospect for development of
the economy, as does in the past.
1.8 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
Groundnut are the most
important crops grown in Nigeria they are always in higher demand for human and
livestock consumption.
Groundnut, provide man
with carbohydrate mineral and energy,
groundnut are good source of all B vitamins and also serve as raw material for
industries.
1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The project carried out
in the students project site at federal college of agriculture Ishiagu in a
land Area of 10.10/ha containing 12 plots of bed.
1.10 DURATION OF THE STUDY
The research
project lasted for a period of 3 months
march to June 2016.